Written by Dominika Pietkun, PhD Candidate at the Institute of Legal Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences and a Programme Sherpa for CFIS 25.
This Paper focuses on Armenia, Moldova, and North Macedonia, three states in the European Union’s neighbourhood that are navigating intensified geo-economic pressures while deepening integration with European rules and markets. It situates each country’s approach within a broader European and regional context marked by heightened security concerns, supply chain reconfiguration, and the diffusion of investment control as a policy tool, and it provides a comparative outlook and practical implications for policymakers, investors, and target companies.